An Overview Of Diabetes Mellitus - Definition, Types, Diagnosis


Definition: Diabetes is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin.


Types of Diabetes Mellitus:

Type-1 Diabetes (IDDM): Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is severe from associated with ketosis in untreated state and occurs most commonly in Juvenilrsbutocasionly in adults, especially the non-obese. 
It is a catabolic disorder in which circulating insulin is virtually absent; plasma glucagon is elevated, and the pancreatic β cells fail to respond to all insulinogenic stimuli. exogenous insulin is therefore required.






Type-2 Diabetes (NIDDM): Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, represents a heterogeneous group comprising milder forms of diabetes that occurs predominantly in adults and occasionally in the adolescent.
Circulating endogenous insulin is sufficient to prevent ketoacidosis but is often either subnormal relatively inadequate because of tissue insensitivity.

MRDM: Malnutrition related diabetes mellitus
GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus
Other types: Associated with certain disease and syndrome

Diagnosis of blood glucose level:

IDDM Vs NIDDM: